[eng] The ca. 12,000 islands and islets that encompass the Mediterranean Basin represent a bio-diversity hotspot. They have been disconnected from each other and from the continentfor hundreds of thousands to millions of years and encompass a high incidence of ende-mic plant species, with values that can exceed 20% of the local flora. Despite this, rela-tively few studies have been carried out to unravel ecological and evolutionary aspects ofplant reproduction. We synthesise here the available information on the breeding sys-tems, pollination and seed dispersal mode of the Mediterranean island flora. The mainobjective is to identify general patterns as well as to detect the main gaps in informationon reproductive ecology in these particular and vulnerable systems in the face of globalchange. We also briefly review the information on impacts of invasive species on plantreproduction and dispersal, as these are some of the main threats to island biodiversity ingeneral and Mediterranean island plant diversity in particular. The review has revealedthat most available information is very geographically biased towards the westernMediterranean islands, especially the Balearic Islands, although a good fraction of studieshave also been carried out on the eastern islands in the Aegean archipelago. Moreover,the majority of data come from species-focused studies, mainly endemic species ofrestricted range, whereas only a small fraction of studies have been performed at a com-munity level. Relatively little work has involved genetic analyses, mainly focused onassessing the genetic differentiation and variability on narrow endemics. Contrary to ourexpectations, most island species do not rely on autonomous selfing, which might berelated to the relatively high diversity of pollinators. The small, uninhabited, islandsmight be the last refuges of peculiar interactions that evolved in them in ancient times;they thus should be considered as sanctuaries of extraordinary biodiversity. Finally, wepoint out the main gaps of information and formulate a set of hypotheses that we believeare worth testing in future studies if we are to advance knowledge on the reproductivebiology of Mediterranean island plants.