Factores de riesgo en el desarrollo de síntomas de sospecha de trastornos de conducta alimentaria

Abstract

[spa] El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar qué factores pueden predecir mejor la sospecha de síntomas de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) en la población adolescente comunitaria. Los participantes fueron 103 adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años. Se aplicaron tres instrumentos para medir la sospecha de síntomas de TCA (SCOFF), la percepción negativa de la estética corporal (CIMCEC-26) y los síntomas del trastorno de restricción alimentaria (NIAS). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la percepción negativa de la imagen corporal es el factor más importante de predicción de sospecha de TCA, superando a las restantes medidas. Dentro de este factor las medidas de malestar por la imagen corporal y la influencia negativa de la publicidad fueron las más importantes. Otros resultados interesantes indicaron que hubo un porcentaje de mujeres significativamente más elevado que mostraron síntomas de TCA. Los participantes con sospecha de TCA presentaron una media de IMC superior, Por último, se observa como la presencia de estresores en la vida de los participantes se asocia a un mayor riesgo de TCA.

[eng] Eating disorders (ED) are characterized by the presence of body image distortion, this fact is related to the appearance of risk behaviors aimed at modifying their body figure. In the present study, the relationship between a high concern for body image and the presence of symptoms typical of eating disorders was analyzed. In addition, it is intended to determine the relationship between excessive worry and variables such as age, sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) in 103 students aged between 14 and 18 years. Three instruments were applied; SCOFF 4 (Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food), NIAS and CIMEC-26 (Questionnaire of influences of the aesthetic body model). The results obtained show that there is a significantly higher percentage of women who suffer from ED symptoms compared to men. In addition, participants who are suspected of having an eating disorder have a higher median BMI, while those with body image problems also have a higher median BMI. On the other hand, it has been shown that the most parsimonious model is CIM_CAT, since it alone has a high explanatory capacity without the need to add sociodemographic variables or other evaluation instruments. Therefore, it is concluded that adolescents who show a negative view of their body aesthetics have a higher risk of ED, the CIMCEC-26 variables that explain this fact are discomfort due to body image and influence of advertising, and to a lesser extent influence of social models. In addition, these adolescents, with problems in their body image, have a significantly higher BMI. Finally, it is observed how the presence of stressors in the life of the participants is associated with a higher risk of eating disorders.