Eina estadística per a la integració de la càrrega de vehicles elèctrics mitjançant energia solar fotovoltaica, impacte energètic i econòmic en els aparcaments públics de Palma de Mallorca.

Abstract

[eng] This work analyses the energetic and economic impact related with the incorporation of a photovoltaic installation in a regime of self-consumption in the modality of surpluses subject to compensation, within the framework of RD244 / 2019, in Balearic Islands public car parks which offer Electric Vehicle (EV) charging service. The proposed methodology consists in a set of submodules integrated in a numerical tool developed with MATLAB®, in charge to: statistically planning the number of parking spaces required for a given level of EV penetration based on the individual parking lot billing historical data, estimate the energy demand minute by minute related to the EV charge by a representative EV mobile fleet, assess the amount of energy generated by a grid-connected photovoltaic facility taking into account a set of limiting effects on power output, such as: shadows, cleanliness of the plates, effect of ambient temperature, inverter performance, type of installation. Then, the invoice module by a 3.0A access fee is presented, which integrates the photovoltaic selfconsumption modality with surpluses subject to compensation. Once the methodology has been presented, the numerical tool based on is applyed to a two parking lots located in the city of Palma with clearly differentiated characteristics, in order to analyze the impact on energy demand and the annual electricity billing of two photovoltaic generation scenarios. The results show that, with relatively low EV penetration levels (0,31-2,38%), the impacts on demand and energy billing are clearly significant, while the different scenarios of photovoltaic self-consumption will lead to a relevant reduction of the demand and the annual energy bill.